Nutrition by condition

Diabetes

The aim is steady glucose, not deprivation. Carbohydrate quantity, quality and spacing matter more than banning single foods.

High blood pressure

Sodium down, potassium up, weight down slightly — this combination lowers blood pressure as much as some medication.

Heart disease & heart failure

For coronary disease the target is cholesterol and blood pressure. In heart failure, fluid and sodium control matter most.

Kidney disease & dialysis

The most individual diet in medicine — it changes with your stage, your bloods and whether you are on dialysis. Never self-prescribe it.

Liver disease

Malnutrition is present in most people with cirrhosis and is frequently missed. Eating little and often is the core of the plan.

Cancer

Through treatment the priority is maintaining weight, muscle and strength — this is not the time for restrictive eating.

HIV

With effective treatment the focus shifts from wasting to long-term cardiovascular and metabolic health — though food security remains the first issue for many.

Stroke recovery

Two priorities at once: eating safely when swallowing is impaired, and eating well to prevent another stroke.

Gastrointestinal disorders

IBS, IBD, coeliac disease, reflux and post-surgical guts each need different advice — the one common rule is not to over-restrict without supervision.

Weight management

Modest, sustained weight loss improves blood pressure, glucose, joints, sleep apnoea and fertility. Speed is not the goal.

Malnutrition & unintentional weight loss

Under-nutrition slows healing, weakens immunity and lengthens hospital stays. It is common, treatable and frequently missed.

Thyroid disorders

Diet does not treat thyroid disease, but timing of medication, iodine and a few interactions genuinely matter.

Pregnancy with a medical condition

Pregnancy alongside diabetes, hypertension, kidney or thyroid disease needs joint obstetric and dietetic care — not general pregnancy advice.